摘要:
了解上海市某社区学龄前儿童伤害趋势和特征,为评价基于社区的伤害预防及干预效果提供依据.方法 通过对上海某社区9所幼儿园的全部幼儿家长进行问卷调查,了解2011,2014和2016年学龄前儿童伤害发生情况,分析伤害趋势及特征.结果 2011,2014和2016年总体伤害发生率分别为12.4%,8.6%,7.4%,呈下降趋势,其中男童伤害发生率分别为14.4%,9.1%,6.2%,亦呈下降趋势(x2趋势=29.280,P<0.05);女童伤害发生率分别为10.6%,8.1%,8.8%,差异无统计学意义(x2趋势=1.703,P>0.05).与2011年相比,2014年和2016年总体伤害风险降低[OR值(95%CI)分别为0.603(0.471~0.772),0.556(0.430~0.710)],男童伤害风险也降低[OR值(95% CI)分别为0.517(0.368~0.726),0.380(0.261~0.554)],女童伤害风险的差异无统计学意义.男童和女童受伤时间排名前2位的均为下午和晚上,女童下午伤害发生率逐年增加,分别为2.18%,2.41%和2.92%;受伤地点均以家中为首位,男童家中发生率分别为5.17%,3.16%,2.09%,女童分别为2.45%,3.01%,3.40%;受伤时活动均以基本日常活动为主;受伤类型排名前2位的均为跌伤和撞击伤.结论 基于社区的伤害预防和干预措施有效降低了学龄前儿童伤害发生率,但伤害发生趋势和伤害特征存在性别差异.应加强对监护人的安全教育和学龄前女童的伤害干预.
Abstract:
Objective To understand the trends and characteristics of injuries among preschool children in a community of Shanghai,and to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based injury prevention and intervention.Methods Data on injuries among preschool children from 9 kindergartens of a community in Shanghai in 2011,2014 and 2016 were obtained from questionnaire survey to analyze injury incidence rates,trends and the characteristics.Results The overall-and boy-specific injury prevalence was 12.4%,8.6%,and 7.4% and boys'injury incidence rates 14.4%,9.1%,and 6.2%,in 2011,2014 and 2016,respectively.However,no similar trend was found among girls (10.6%,8.1%,and 8.8%,respectively).Compared with 2011,the overall injury risks of 2014 and 2016 decreased(OR=0.603,95%CI=0.471-0.772;OR=0.556,95%CI=0.430-0.71),and boys' injury risks decreased(OR=0.517,95%CI=0.368-0.726;OR=0.380,95%CI=0.261-0.554).Most of the injuries occurred in the afternoon and evening.Girls' injury incidence rate in the afternoon was 2.18%,2.41% and 2.92% respectively,and increased by year.Injuries occurred mainly at home.Injury occurred at home among boys was 5.17%,3.16% and 2.09% respectively,and was 2.45%,3.01% and 3.40% for girls.The top two types of injury were falling and colliding.Conclusion Community-based injury prevention and intervention decrease preschool child injury.A general declining trend is found in overall injury prevalence with significant gender differences.Safety education towards guardians should be improved,especially among girls.
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