摘要:
探讨芦山地震重建3年后中学生心理弹性和社会支持在感恩与创伤后成长间的中介作用,为灾后中学生心理重建和干预提供理论依据.方法 采用感恩问卷、社会支持评定量表、心理弹性量表和创伤后成长评定量表,对分层随机抽样方法选取芦山地震重建3年后的1 136名学生进行测试.结果 灾区女生、高中生感恩和心理弹性得分高于男生、初中生(P值均<0.05),重灾区、家庭财产严重受损、有亲属死亡或受伤的学生在感恩、社会支持、心理弹性和创伤后成长得分高于轻灾区、家庭财产轻微受损、无亲属死亡或受伤的学生(P值均<0.05).相关分析显示,感恩、社会支持和心理弹性均与创伤后成长呈正相关(r值分别为0.53,0.35,0.48,P值均<0.05).中介作用分析发现,感恩不仅直接影响创伤后成长,还通过社会支持和心理弹性的部分中介作用间接影响创伤后成长,中介效应占总效应的40.1%.结论 灾区中学生心理弹性与社会支持在感恩和创伤后成长间起中介作用.提升震后灾区中学生的感恩水平能够促进心理弹性水平,进而提高创伤后心理成长能力.
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the mediational effect of social support and resilience in the relation between gratitude and post-traumatic growth among middle school students three years after Lushan earthquake reconstruction.Methods A total of 1 136 middle school students were investigated with Gratitude Questionnaire,Social Support Rating Scale,Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.Results Among students in earthquake affected areas,gratitude and resilience scores were higher in females (4.51±0.61 and 4.41±0.65 for gratitude;3.54±0.31 and 3.46±0.27 for resilience) and junior high school students (4.53±0.59 and 4.39±0.62 for gratitude;3.52±0.29 and 3.48±0.25 for resilience) (P<0.05).Gratitude,social support,resilience and post-traumatic growth scores were higher in students from heavily affected areas,and those with severe loss of property or no relatives killed or injured,compared with those from mildly affected area [(4.56±0.62 and 4.36±0.63),(3.64±0.51 and 3.38±0.60),(3.63±0.33 and 3.37±0.27),(3.27±0.53 and 3.03±0.61)],and with moderate loss of property[(4.56±0.62 and 4.36±0.63),(3.64±0.51 and 3.38±0.60),(3.63±0.33 and 3.37±0.27),(3.27±0.53 and 3.03±0.61)] or having relatives killed or injured[(4.59±0.6 and 4.33±0.64),(3.83±0.60 and 3.19±0.76),(3.67±0.35 and 3.33±0.27),(3.29±0.52 and 3.01±0.60)] (P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that gratitude,social support and resilience were positively correlated with post-traumatic growth(r=0.53,0.35,0.48,P<0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed that gratitude not only had direct effect on post-traumatic growth,but also indirectly influenced post-traumatic growth.Significant partial mediation of social support and resilience on the association between gratitude and post-traumatic growth were revealed.Conclusion Gratitude had direct effect on post-traumatic growth among middle school students 3 years after Lushan earthquake reconstruction.Significant partial mediation of social support and resilience on the association between gratitude and post-traumatic growth are revealed.
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