摘要:
了解大学生理想心血管健康行为的分布情况,为开展大学生心血管疾病预防提供策略.方法 采用横断面研究方法,通过“问卷星”的形式对保定市3所普通本科院校1 075名学生进行问卷调查.以美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)理想心血管健康行为界定为标准,分析该人群理想心血管健康行为的分布.结果 具有全部4项理想心血管健康行为的仅31人(2.9%).4项心血管健康行为中,处于理想状态的比例分别为吸烟(84.1%)、体质量指数(84.8%)、体育锻炼(11.3%)和饮食(32.0%).吸烟处于理想状态的比例在女生、医学专业、选修过健康教育课程和来自农村的学生中偏高(x2值分别为165.51,44.56,9.91,12.32,P值均<0.05);体质量指数处于理想状态的比例女生高于男生仅2 =25.60,P<0.05);体育锻炼处于理想状态的比例在男生和无心血管疾病家族史的学生中偏高(x2值分别为71.35,6.91,P值均<0.05);饮食处于理想状态的比例在男生、农村学生、非医学专业和选修过健康教育课程的学生中偏高(x2值分别为11.14,8.01,6.21,7.07,P值均<0.05).结论 保定市大学生理想心血管健康行为不容乐观,心血管健康教育需重点关注饮食和体育锻炼,并针对不同特征的学生调整策略.
Abstract:
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the current status of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors among college students.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 3 universities in Baoding.The current status of ideal health behaviors was analyzed,based on the definition of ideal health behaviors developed by the American Heart Association (AHA).Results Only 2.9% of college students met all 4 ideal health behaviors.The prevalence of "ideal" smoking,body mass index (BMI),exercise and diet was 84.1%,84.8%,11.3% and 32.0%,respectively.Higher proportion of ideal smoking status was found in female,medicine-major students and those from rural areas,or have taken health-related courses(x2=165.477,44.732,12.133,9.365,P<0.05).The proportion of ideal BMI was higher in female than male students(x2=24.824,P<0.05).Male college students and those with no CVD family history had higher proportion of ideal exercise(x2 =40.387,5.509,P<0.05).The proportion of ideal diet was higher in students who were non-medical students or have taken health-related courses (x2 =6.008,5.153,P<0.05).Conclusion The proportion of ideal exercise and diet in college students is relatively low.Cardiovascular health education should pay more attention to exercise and diet,and adapt specific strategies for college students with different characteristics.
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