Abstract: Objective To compare the effects of peer education and expert lectures on health education for AIDS prevention among college students,and to provide a basis for the selection of appropriate AIDS health education model.Methods Random clustered sampling method was applied to select 488 freshmen of different majors from four colleges in Xuzhou City,who were randomly divided into peer education group and expert lecture group.AIDS health education was taken in the peer education group and expert lecture group in two ways,and a questionnaire survey was conducted before and after education to analyze and compare the health education effects.Results There were no significantly statistical differences between the two groups in gender,age and professional composition before the education(P>0.05).After the education,the basic knowledge of AIDS increased with(2.77± 1.56) and (2.86± 1.54)(P<0.01).The positive attitude toward AIDS increased with(0.91±0.748) and (0.92±0.77).There was statistical difference between the two models before and after education(P<0.01).The effect of the lecture was better than peer education on the two issues that "There are more effective treatment plans to control the progress of AIDS currently" and "Giving gay or homosexual understanding"(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference between the two models in terms of the correct rate or the positive rate(P>0.05).Conclusion Peer education and expert lectures are effective ways to improve college students' knowledge and attitude towards AIDS prevention.Each has its advantages and disadvantages.In order to achieve better educational effects,colleges and universities can choose the right way according to the actual situation.