Abstract: Objective To explore the gender difference of health promotion lite style and the life quahty ot the rural middle school students,and to provide a scientific basis for the relevant intervention research.Methods The Quality of Life Scale and the Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile were adopted to make a survey among 1 145 (male 595 and female 550) rural middle school students in Hebei Province.Results There were gender differences in health promotion life style and life quality of rural middle school students except social relations and comprehensive field (P< 0.05).The factors greatly influencing rural middle school students' life quality or health promoting lifestyle were as follows:physical exercise,stress management and nutrition behavior (contribution rates were 22.3%,17.1%,16.3%,respectively);The main factors influencing the quality of life of male students were doing 30-minute-exercises three times a week,doing planned exercises regularly and having enough sleep(t =3.259,2.871,2.369,P<0.05);As for female students,the factors were doing 30-minute-exercises three times a week,choosing low-fat and low cholesterol food and having the pulse within the expected range (t =3.145,3.029,2.674,P<0.01).Conclusion Health education in rural middle schools should pay more attention to gender differences,strengthen the education of behavior habits,establish a scientific and good life style,fully exploit the unique role of sports,promote and improve their quality of life.