摘要:
了解深圳市盐田区中小学生溺水发生的知信行状况及溺水高危行为环境影响因素,为制定预防溺水策略和干预措施提供依据.方法 采取随机整群抽样的方法,抽取深圳市盐田区6所小学和2所中学,对被抽中小学的三~五年级,初一、初二、高一、高二年级所有班级学生进行溺水状况问卷调查.结果 3 875名中小学生掌握溺水相关知识的仅占6.56%,中学生溺水相关知识掌握水平高于小学生(x2=29.30,P<0.01);对于“如果危险水域竖有危险警告牌会不会去玩耍或游泳”正向信念的总体持有率为89.16%,对于“没有大人陪伴朋友、同学叫去游泳或玩耍会不会去”的正向信念的总体持有率为68.96%,女生溺水正向信念持有率和溺水危险行为发生率均优于男生(x2值分别为35.77,38.32,45.96,P值均<0.01).家附近有游泳池或开放性水域的青少年儿童的溺水高危行为发生率为52.61%.周围环境有危险水域是青少年儿童溺水高危行为发生的重要危险因素(P值均<0.01).结论 应加强对中小学生的溺水相关健康教育,对溺水危险环境进行改造.
Abstract:
Objective To understand knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP) towards drowning among students in Shenzhen,and to explore environmental determinants of drowning and to provide basis for the prevention and control strategies of drowning.Methods Random cluster sampling method was used to select students from grade 3 to 5 from six primary schools and grade 7 and 8 from two secondary schools in Yantian District of Shenzhen.Questionnaire survey was implemented to collect information regarding drowning.Results About 6.56% of 3 875 students fully understand knowledge on drowning.Middle school students' knowledge about drawning level was higher than the pupils(x2 =29.30,P<0.01) Nearly 89.16% were accurate on the question of "If the dangerous waters have a danger warning sign whether to play or swim";68.96% for the question "Will you go swimming with friends in the absence of accompanied by an adult?".Male adolescents have higher risk in terms of higher negative beliefs and attitudes towards high-risk drowning behaviors(x2 =35.77,38.32,45.96,P<0.01).52.61% of students reported a swimming pool or pond around their house.Dangerous waters around the envirunment were important risk factors for adolescent drawning(P<0.01).Conclusion Enhanced understanding of the risks of natural water body would help to reduce drowning among children and adolescents.Dangerous waters around the envirunment should be transformed.
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