摘要:
描述同伴拒绝儿童的初始沙盘特征,为完善沙盘游戏疗法的理论和实践应用范畴提供参考.方法 使用同伴提名问卷,在某小学确定18名同伴拒绝儿童作为实验组和18名同伴接纳儿童作为对照组.两组学生均参与初始沙盘创作.采用沙盘作品编码表对两组儿童的初始沙盘游戏作品进行编码,使用￡检验x2检验和Logistic回归分析同伴拒绝儿童的相关因素.结果 与对照组儿童相比,在沙具的使用上,同伴拒绝组儿童较少使用植物和生活用品,较多使用交通工具;在摆放的场景类型上,同伴拒绝组儿童较少摆放家庭场景,较多摆放战争场景;在呈现的主题上,同伴拒绝组儿童的创伤主题较多,而治愈主题较少(P值均<0.05).此外,同伴拒绝组儿童的沙盘作品中创伤主题和治愈主题得分差异无统计学意义(t=0.21,P>0.05),而对照组儿童作品中治愈主题多于创伤主题(t=4.92,P<0.01).在沙盘主题特征方面,与对照组相比,同伴拒绝组儿童较多出现攻击、威胁、受阻、隐藏等4个创伤主题,较少出现能量这一治愈主题(x2值分别为8.00,4.50,4.50,4.43,7.20,P值均<0.05).沙盘主题特征的Logistic回归分析显示,攻击是同伴拒绝的危险因素(OR=40,P<0.01).结论 同伴拒绝儿童在沙具的使用、沙盘呈现的场景、沙盘的主题特征等维度均有特征表现.可采用初始沙盘游戏对同伴拒绝儿童进行临床评估.
Abstract:
Objective To explore the characteristics of children rejected by peers in the initial sandplay,and to provide a reference for improving the theory of sandplay therapy and its practical application.Methods Peer nomination questionnaire was used to choose 18 children rejected by peers as the experimental group,and other 18 children accepted by peers were identified as the control group.All the 36 children participated in the sandplay experiment.Their sandplay works were encoded by using the sandplay code tables,and analyzed by t test,Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis.Results On the use of toys,compared with the control group,the experimental group had lower usage frequency of plants and daily necessities,but had a higher usage frequency of vehicle;on the type of the scene,the experimental group was significantly lower in the family scenes,and higher in the war scenes than control group;on the two kinds of the theme,the experimental group was significantly higher in themes of wounding,and lower in themes of healing than control group(P<0.05).In addition,the differences in the scores of wounding theme and healing theme in the experimental group were of no statistical significance(t =0.21,P>0.05),but in the control group,the works of healing theme was significantly more than those of wounding theme(t=4.92,P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the theme of sandplay in the experimental group can mainly found on the theme of aggression,threat,blocked and hidden,but less found on the theme of energy(x2 =8.00,4.50,4.50,4.43,7.20,P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis on the theme of sandplay showed that aggression was the risk factors of peer rejection(OR=40,P<0.01).Conclusion The results indicate that the initial sandplay in children rejected by peers would show significant characteristics on the use of toys,the scene and the theme.Sandplay may be a valuable tool for the clinical assessment of children rejected by peers.
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