Abstract: Objective To probe into the relationship between neglect and mental health among middle school students,and to provide references for improving adolescents' mental health.Methods Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select a total of 2 012 students (graded from 6 to 8) from 5 junior high schools in Harbin,and a survey was conducted among them by using the self-designed abuse questionnaire and Mental Health Scale for Child and Adolescent (MHS-CA).Results The neglect rate of middle school students was 73.5%,the mean score of neglect degree was (8.33±2.85),and both indices in rural area were higher than those in urban area(P<0.05),but there was no statistical significance in different gender(P>0.05).This study evaluated mental health level of adolescents from the five dimensions of cognition,thinking,behavior,emotion and personality.The results showed that the students generally were in better or general health status.And further analysis on the effect of neglect on adolescent mental health indicated that the scores of mental health in the non-neglect group were higher than those in neglect group(P<0.05),and the partial correlation analysis of controlling gender and residence factors showed that neglect was significantly negatively related with the five dimensions of mental health(r=-0.147-0.221,P<0.05).Conclusion The condition of neglect in adolescents in this region was serious,and it has negative effect on the adolescents' mental development,including their cognition,thinking,behavior,emotion and personality.