摘要:
分析深圳市中小学生2011-2016学年因病缺课分布特征,为学校传染病风险防控提供参考.方法 从“深圳市学生健康监测信息系统”收集2011-2016学年学生因病缺课数据,利用R软件Lattice包制作发生频数热力图进行分析.结果 2011-2016学年“深圳市学生健康监测信息系统”共收集因病缺课个案915 659例.按天分布热力图显示,总体上中小学生因病缺课发生数全年不均衡,发生热点多集中于上半年,最密集的月份是3月.因病缺课发生最多的病因是“感冒或流感”(61.79%).不同病因个案按天分布特点可归纳为4种类型,即按月集中型(包括感冒或流感、胃肠道疾病、腮腺炎和手足口病)、全年波动型(包括气管炎或肺炎、水痘、眼病和牙病)、全年平均型(伤害和风疹)和半年差异型(耳鼻喉疾病和“未诊断”个案).结论 上半年是因病缺课高发时期,尤其是3月.根据疾病发生特点采取针对性的控制措施,可以有效减少因病缺课人次数.
Abstract:
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of daily illness absenteeism among primary and middle school students from 2011 to 2016.Methods School absenteeism data was collected from the Shenzhen Student Health Monitoring Information System.R software was used to make heat maps of the daily distribution of illness absenteeism.Results Overall,915 659 absent cases were drawn from the system during 2011-2016.Heat maps showed that daily distribution of illness absenteeism was not balanced in a whole year,highest in the first half of the year,especially in last two weeks of March.The most common reason of student absenteeism was cold or flu infection(61.79%).Four patterns were observed in daily distribution of absenteeism:month-centralized-type (including colds or flu,gastrointestinal disease,mumps and HFMD);annual-fluctuation-type (including bronchitis or pneumonia,chickenpox,eye and dental disease);annual-average-type (unintentional injury and rubella) and half-year-difference type (the ENT disease and the "no diagnosis" case).Conclusion Absenteeism is highest during the first half of a year,especially in March.Preventive measures should be taken accordingly to reduce sick leave in primary and middle schools.
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