Abstract: Objective To explore the relationships among self-esteem,shame,and aggressive behavior,and to provide references for making reasonable preventive measures.Methods A total of 1 174 students selected from Harbin were investigated by filling out Self-liking/Self-competence Scale Revised,Middle School Students' Shame Scale and Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire.Results Oral aggression and hostility were the primary forms of aggressive behaviors among middle school students;Males' scores of aggressive behavior,anger and physical aggression were significantly higher than those of females' (t =2.806,3.864,40.279,P<0.05),senior one students' score of aggressive behavior ranked highest.Junior school freshmen's score of aggressive behavior was significantly lower than those of junior three students and senior one students(P<0.05).There were also significant statisticalgrade differences between physical aggression and oral aggression(P<0.05).All dimensions of the self-esteem,shame and aggressive behavior of middle students were negativelycorrelated.Shame and aggressive behaviors were positively correlated.Self-esteem not only directly affected the aggressive behavior but also indirectly affected it,via the shame,and the direct and indirect effect scored 0.172 and 0.150,respectively;The models fitting were all good(x2/df=2.924,CFI=0.899,TLI=0.912,RMSEA =0.038,SRMR =0.044).Conclusion There is a significant statistical significance of the relationship among self-esteem,shame and aggression of middle school students;and the shame is mediated between self-esteem and aggressive behavior.