摘要:
了解深圳市宝安区幼托儿童因病缺课主要病因和症状及其流行病学特征,为制定针对性疾病防控措施提供科学依据.方法 采用随机抽样的方法,抽取深圳市宝安区12所幼儿园5 173名托幼儿童进行因病缺课监测1学年,利用描述流行病学和分析流行病学的方法对监测资料进行统计分析.结果 幼托儿童因病缺课9 516人次,缺课密度为183.96%;因病缺课20 317.5人天,缺课率为2.06%.男童因病缺课率为2.19%,女童为1.89%,差异有统计学意义(X2=104.55,P<0.05).小班因病缺课率为3.50%,中班为1.74%,大班为1.34%,差异有统计学意义(X2=3 895.86,P<0.05).因病缺课高发月份为5,6和10月,因病缺课率分别为2.74%,2.45%,2.26%.因病缺课的主要病因为感冒,构成比为75.90%;主要症状为呼吸道症状和发热,构成比分别为41.39%.38.50%.结论 呼吸道传染病是幼儿园疾病防控的重点,小班是重点关注人群,秋冬和春夏交季是关键时期.应尽快开展幼托儿童健康监测工作.
Abstract:
Objective To realize the situation of illness-induced absenteeism among the preschool students in Bao'an District of Shenzhen City,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of infectious disease targetedly prevention and control strategies.Methods Random sampling method was employed to 12 kindergartens with random sampling method for monitoring illness-induced absenteeism for 1 academic year,and the monitoring data was analyzed by the method of description describing and analyzing epidemiology and analyze epidemiological.Results A total of 9 516 children had been absent from kindergarten because of illness,with the absenteeism density of 183.96%,20 317.5 person day,and the absent rate of 2.06%.The rate of male children was 2.19%,which was significantly higher than female children(1.89%) (x2 =104.55,P<0.05).The absent rates of the small bottom class,the middle class and top class were 3.50%,1.74%,and 1.34%,respectively,with significant statistical difference(x2 =3 895.86,P<0.05).The months of high incidence were May,June and October.And the rate of absence was 2.74%,2.45% and 2.26% respectively.The main reasons for causing absenteeism was influenzacold.The main symptoms were respiratory symptom and having fever.Conclusion The children from the bottom small class should be as the focus.The seasonal transition between autumn and winter or between spring and summer are the key periods.The health monitoring work should be undertaken as soon as possible among the preschool children.
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