Abstract: Objective To gain a deep understanding of the iron nutrition in 21 provinces,and to provide the baseline data and scientific basis for the improvement of iron nutrition status of students.Methods This paper tries to use stratified random cluster sampling method,and a total of 2 716 boarding school students from three economic regions in China were investigated.And a questionnaire was used to survey the iron related nutrition knowledge.Results The Knowledge of iron deficiency and human health relationship for students was up to 87.00%,and as to iron supplement after using the iron pan,the occurrence of nutritional anemia associated with what kind of material,a good way to supplement the micronutrient,what is the value of anemia in 12-14 years old,what kind of iron is added in the iron-fortified soy sauce and the right awareness of what are the symptoms of iron deficiency were 57.58%,56.19%,16.31%,15.02%,12.85%,and 5.96%.To comparatively analyze the problem of which food is rich in iron and easy to be absorbed by human body,the role of "iron-fortified soy sauce" and iron deficiency affected to the student,the correct awareness rate of boys and girls have significant difference (X2 =6.002,7.093,5.622,P<0.05);The main influential factors of students' score of iron-related nutrition knowledge include gender,economic area and parental education level (P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed the values that the main factors affecting students' iron nutrition are related knowledge rate (pass rate) of gender,economic regional and father's education level were 1.161,1.920 and 1.284.Conclusion In the 21 provinces of China,rural boarding school students' knowledge of iron nutrition level is relatively low.We should strengthen the education and propaganda the knowledge of rural boarding school students' related knowledge and behavior,and prevent and control the risking factors of iron -related diseases.