Mental health changes among college students and its relation with perceived social support
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摘要: 探索大学生心理健康状况的动态发展规律及领悟社会支持的影响,为制定更有针对性的保护大学生心理健康的措施提供参考.方法 采用整群抽样的方法,使用大学生人格问卷(University Personality Inventory,UPI)和领悟社会支持量表(Perceived Social Support Scale,PSSS)对广州某高校2014年入学的2 301名大学生进行追踪研究.2次施测的时间分别是2014年9月23日和2016年9月25日.结果 大三时学生的UPI得分(9.18±8.49)低于大一(10.11±7.87)(t=29.90,P<0.01).大三时学生严重心理问题的人数比例比大一上升1.0百分点,一般心理问题的人数比例下降1.7百分点,心理健康的人数比例上升0.7百分点(x2=377.59,P<0.01).女生UPI得分(10.09±8.32)高于男生(8.81±7.91)(t=17.13,P<0.01).领悟社会支持水平越高,UPI得分越低(F=149.65,P<0.01).大一时学生UPI为A类(严重心理问题)且低领悟社会支持的大三UPI得分最高,大一UPI为C类(心理健康)且高领悟社会支持的大三UPI得分最低;高领悟社会支持条件下,大一UPI A/B(一般心理问题)/C类的学生大三UPI得分均低于低领悟社会支持条件下的学生.结论 大学生入校后,心理健康状况呈2个动态两极化的趋势发展.领悟社会支持能力对大学生心理健康动态发展具有持续性的调节作用.Abstract: Objective To understand mental health changes among college students and its association with perceived social support.Methods Totally 2 301 students from a university in Guangzhou were selected with random cluster sampling and participated in this two-years longitudinal study.University Personality Inventory (UPI) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS)were used.First wave was carried out in 23 Sept.2014,and the second wave in 25 Sept.2016.The valid sample included 2 301 college students.Results UPI scores decreased significantly [(9.18±8.49) in follow-up vs.(10.11±7.87) in baseline,P<0.01].During this two-year interval,the proportion of college students with serious mental health problems increased by 1.0%;the proportion of college students with general mental health problems decreased by 1.7%;the proportion of students with positive mental health increased by 0.7%(P<0.01).The scores of UPI in females were higher than males(P<0.01).The higher level of perceived social support,the lower scores on UPI(F=149.65,P<0.01).Significant main effects were found in baseline UPI score and perceived social support on follow-up UPI score(F=105.025,152.231,P<0.01),as well as interaction effects(F=2.50,P<0.05).Conclusion Mental health among college students shows two dynamic trends.Perceived social support has a consistent regulatory impact on mental health status among college students.
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