安徽省学龄前留守儿童膳食平衡指数评价研究

束莉; 李晓璐; 邱孟庭; 李梦瑶

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.01.008

安徽省学龄前留守儿童膳食平衡指数评价研究

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.01.008

蚌埠医学院公共卫生学院，安徽 233030

基金项目:

安徽省哲学社科规划项目 AHSKQ2018D49

详细信息

作者简介:
束莉(1985-)，女，安徽舒城人，硕士，副教授，主要研究方向为人群营养与健康

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R153.2 R151
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-02
- 修回日期: 2021-05-06
- 刊出日期: 2022-01-25

Analysis of dietary quality of preschool left-behind children by using the revised Chinese diet balance index

School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu (233030), Anhui Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的运用调整的膳食平衡指数(DBI_16)评价安徽省部分3~6岁留守儿童的膳食质量，为快速、准确地评估学龄前留守儿童的营养健康状况提供一定的参考和借鉴。方法 2018年9—12月，选择安徽省怀远县和舒城县有完整膳食调查资料的3~6岁留守儿童306名和非留守儿童598名作为研究对象，利用DBI_16的总分(TS)、负端分(LBS)、正端分(HBS)和膳食质量距(DQD)等指标评价膳食质量，比较留守儿童组与非留守儿童组之间的差异。结果留守儿童的TS(-18.2，-16.1)分值低于非留守儿童，LBS(24.8，23.1)、HBS(7.9，6.4)和DQD(35.9，34.4)的分值均高于非留守儿童，差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-46.02，12.45，4.14，4.78，P值均 < 0.05)；在食物摄入量及评分上，学龄前儿童的蔬菜水果、动物性食物、奶类豆类和饮水摄入存在明显不足，留守儿童与非留守儿童在奶类(-4.1，-2.7)、动物性食物(-2.2，-0.8)和食物种类(-7.4，-6.2)的膳食摄入得分方面差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-26.42，-13.51，-6.59，P值均 < 0.01)；学龄前留守儿童中高度的摄入不足比例为44.1%，66.0%的留守儿童存在中高度的膳食不平衡，留守儿童组和非留守儿童组在摄入过量和膳食不平衡的膳食质量分布上，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为15.79，11.51，P值均 < 0.05)。结论安徽省学龄前儿童的膳食质量亟待改善，膳食摄入不足是存在的主要问题；留守儿童组与非留守儿童组间的DBI_16存在差异。应适量增加学龄前儿童奶类、蛋类、水果的摄入，开展有针对性的干预措施。
- 膳食 /
- 饮食习惯 /
- 营养状况 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the dietary quality by adjusted diet balance index (DBI_16) of preschool left-behind children in Anhui Province, and to provide a reference for rapidly and accurately evaluating their nutrition condition. Methods During September to December of 2018, selected 306 left-behind children and 598 non left-behind children aged 3-6 years old of Anhui Province in total. Four scoring methods (TS-total score, LBS-Low Bound Score, HBS-High Bound Score, DQD-Diet Quality Distance) were used to evaluate the dietary quality by Diet Balance Index Revision (DBI_16), and scores were compared to reflect the diet quality of preschool children in LBC group and NLBC group. Results The score of TS (-18.2, -16.1) in LBC group was lower than that of NLBC group, the scores of LBS(24.8, 23.1), HBS (7.9, 6.4) and DQD (35.9, 34.4) in LBC group were higher than that of NLBC group(Z=-46.02, 12.45, 4.14, 4.78, P < 0.05). The daily intake of vegetables, fruits, animal food, milk, soybean and drinking water were obviously under the RNI, the dietary intake scores of milk(-4.1, -2.7), animal food (-2.2, -0.8) and food species (-7.4, -6.2) in LBC group were higher than that in NLBC group(Z=-26.42, 13.51, -6.59, P < 0.01). About 44.1% of the preschool LBC were in moderate or severe deficit of food intake, 66.0% of the LBC were in the higher level of dietary imbalance, the LBC group's excessive and imbalance problem were of significant differences than those in the NLBC group (χ²=15.79, 11.51, P < 0.05). Conclusion The dietary quality of preschool children in Anhui Province should be improved, the main diet problem was the dietary imbalance, which was related to deficiency in nutrients intake. The scores of DBI_16 in LBC group were significant different with those in NLBC group, it is necessary to take specific intervention to increase the intake of milk, eggs and fruits among preschool children.
- Diet /
- Food habits /
- Nutritional status /
- Child, preschool
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表 1 不同人口学特征儿童DBI_16分值比较[M(P₂₅，P₇₅)]

Table 1. Scores of DBI_16 among children by different population [M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

人口学指标	选项	人数	统计值	TS	LBS	HBS	DQD
性别	男	475		-16.3(-23.5, -9.4)	23.1(18.7, 30.4)	6.9(1.7, 12.4)	35.7(25.8, 42.3)
	女	429		-17.2(-23.7, -11.2)	24.3(20.5, 31.6)	7.3(2.0, 13.1)	34.8(26.4, 40.6)
			Z值	2.14	-4.68	-0.74	1.85
			P值	0.13	0.02	0.40	0.20
年龄/岁	3	292		-18.7(-24.5, -13.0)	25.1(18.2, 31.6)	7.7(2.8, 12.6)	36.1(23.9, 42.7)
	4	244		-17.7(-22.8, -11.9)	23.3(19.1, 28.4)	8.4(3.1, 14.3)	35.6(27.4, 43.8)
	5	255		-16.5(-20.7, -9.8)	24.5(19.6, 29.3)	7.4(3.8, 13.5)	35.3(27.1, 44.8)
	6	113		-14.9(-18.6, -8.1)	22.9(16.8, 29.1)	6.3(1.6, 12.7)	34.2(28.2, 40.3)
			χ²值	27.06	4.02	3.94	6.07
			P值	< 0.01	0.05	0.09	< 0.01
是否留守儿童	是	306		-18.2(-25.6, -13.1)	24.8(19.7, 30.5)	7.9(3.2, 13.6)	35.9(24.2, 43.6)
	否	598		-16.1(-22.4, -10.7)	23.1(17.2, 30.3)	6.4(2.1, 12.3)	34.4(26.5, 41.4)
			Z值	-46.02	12.45	4.14	4.78
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.02	0.01

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表 2 留守与非留守儿童各种食物摄入量比较[M(P₂₅，P₇₅)]

Table 2. The dietary intake of children between left-behind and non-left-behind children[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

是否留守	人数	谷类/g	蔬菜/g	水果/g	奶类/g	豆类/g
是	306	194.3(145.2, 264.3)	91.4(65.6, 144.0)	96.5(52.0, 150.5)	114.3(35.0, 164.0)	7.6(0.8, 25.4)
否	598	185.7(134.9, 241.1)	107.5(73.3, 160.2)	104.3(65.3, 168.5)	180.0(52.0, 220.0)	7.4(1.7, 29.5)
H值		2.14	-3.23	-1.47	-28.32	1.03
P值		0.15	0.10	0.34	< 0.01	0.21

是否留守	人数	动物性食物/g	饮水/mL	盐/g	食用油/g	食物种类/种
是	306	74.3(48.6, 125.4)	460(230, 610)	3.6(2.4, 6.5)	26.0(10.2, 33.5)	5.1(3.6, 7.4)
否	598	114.5(85.3, 160.4)	450(250, 680)	3.3(2.3, 6.7)	28.0(13.5, 34.4)	6.2(3.9, 8.5)
H值		-15.30	1.76	1.23	-1.78	-3.76
P值		0.02	0.23	0.35	0.21	0.07

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表 3 留守与非留守儿童膳食得分比较[M(P₂₅，P₇₅)]

Table 3. The dietary scores of children between left-behind and non-left-behind children[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

是否留守	人数	谷类	蔬菜	水果	奶类	豆类
是	306	7.6(4.7, 9.4)	-4.2(-7.1, 0.3)	-1.9(-4.7, 1.4)	-4.1(-7.6, -1.2)	-1.8(-3.4, 0.5)
否	598	7.4(5.2, 9.3)	-3.8(-6.7, -0.4)	-1.6(-3.0, 0.3)	-2.7(-5.3, 0.4)	-2.0(-3.7, 0.1)
H值		2.87	-4.12	-3.95	-26.42	1.42
P值		0.26	0.13	0.20	< 0.01	0.31

是否留守	人数	动物性食物	饮水	盐	食用油	食物种类
是	306	-2.2(-5.0, 0.7)	-3.7(-6.1, -0.6)	1.8(0.0, 1.7)	1.2(0.3, 2.5)	-7.4(-9.2, -5.0)
否	598	-0.8(-3.1, 1.6)	-3.9(-6.4, -0.5)	1.2(0.0, 1.4)	1.4(0.7, 3.1)	-6.2(-8.5, -3.7)
H值		-13.57	1.07	5.43	-2.83	-6.59
P值		< 0.01	0.39	0.07	0.27	< 0.01

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表 4 留守与非留守儿童膳食质量状况分布比较

Table 4. Comparison of dietary quality among children between left-behind and non-left-behind children

膳食质量	组别	人数	无	较适宜	低水平	中水平	高水平	χ²值	P值
摄入不足	留守	306	0	17(5.6)	154(50.3)	120(39.2)	15(4.9)	2.92	0.40
	非留守	598	0	42(7.0)	325(54.3)	208(34.8)	23(3.8)
摄入过量	留守	306	7(2.3)	109(35.6)	143(46.7)	38(12.4)	9(2.9)	15.79	< 0.01
	非留守	598	26(4.3)	255(42.6)	204(34.1)	82(13.7)	31(5.2)
膳食不平衡	留守	306	0	2(0.7)	102(33.3)	164(53.6)	38(12.4)	11.51	0.04
	非留守	598	0	3(0.5)	261(43.6)	288(48.2)	46(7.7)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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