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中学生健康素养与遭受欺凌的关联及其性别差异

路赛虎 李丹琳 胡婕 黄雪雪 薛艳妮 王思哲 汪姗姗 万宇辉 陶芳标 张诗晨

路赛虎, 李丹琳, 胡婕, 黄雪雪, 薛艳妮, 王思哲, 汪姗姗, 万宇辉, 陶芳标, 张诗晨. 中学生健康素养与遭受欺凌的关联及其性别差异[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(8): 1175-1179. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.013
引用本文: 路赛虎, 李丹琳, 胡婕, 黄雪雪, 薛艳妮, 王思哲, 汪姗姗, 万宇辉, 陶芳标, 张诗晨. 中学生健康素养与遭受欺凌的关联及其性别差异[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(8): 1175-1179. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.013
LU Saihu, LI Danlin, HU Jie, HUANG Xuexue, XUE Yanni, WANG Sizhe, WANG Shanshan, WAN Yuhui, TAO Fangbiao, ZHANG Shichen. Gender differences in the association between health literacy and bully victimization among middle school students[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2021, 42(8): 1175-1179. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.013
Citation: LU Saihu, LI Danlin, HU Jie, HUANG Xuexue, XUE Yanni, WANG Sizhe, WANG Shanshan, WAN Yuhui, TAO Fangbiao, ZHANG Shichen. Gender differences in the association between health literacy and bully victimization among middle school students[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2021, 42(8): 1175-1179. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.013

中学生健康素养与遭受欺凌的关联及其性别差异

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.013
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目 81402699

安徽医科大学"早期接触科研"训练计划项目 2020-ZNYQ-56

详细信息
    作者简介:

    路赛虎(1998-),男,安徽宿州人,在读本科

    通讯作者:

    张诗晨, E-mail: zhangshichen@ahmu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: G444  G478  B844.2

Gender differences in the association between health literacy and bully victimization among middle school students

  • 摘要:   目的  探讨中学生健康素养和遭受欺凌的关联及其性别间的差异, 为改善青少年遭受欺凌提供依据。  方法  2017年11月至2018年1月采用多阶段整群抽样方法, 在安徽省合肥市、辽宁省沈阳市、广东省阳江市和重庆市抽取18 900名中学生进行问卷调查。采用自填式问卷调查研究对象的基本特征、健康素养水平和遭受欺凌情况, 比较不同特征中学生遭受欺凌检出率的差异, 并分析健康素养与遭受欺凌的关联及其性别间的差异。  结果  中学生遭受校园欺凌和网络欺凌的检出率分别为15.8%和9.1%。男生、初中生、家庭经济状况较差和亲密伙伴个数较少的学生遭受校园欺凌的检出率分别为28.0%, 18.8%, 23.3%和33.6%, 分别高于女生、高中、家庭经济状况良好和亲密伙伴个数较多的学生(χ2值分别为225.64, 148.07, 141.13, 143.49, P值均<0.01);男生、家庭经济状况较差和亲密伙伴个数较少的学生遭受网络欺凌的检出率分别为10.9%, 14.4%和20.1%, 分别高于女生、家庭经济状况良好和亲密伙伴个数较多的学生(χ2值分别为62.96, 112.82, 88.49, P值均<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归显示, 除体力活动维度外, 总体及各维度健康素养得分越低的学生越容易遭受校园欺凌和网络欺凌, 且在健康素养各水平组中, 男生均比女生易遭受欺凌(P值均<0.05)。  方法  中学生健康素养和遭受欺凌有关联且存在性别差异, 可通过提高学生的健康素养水平改善欺凌的发生。
  • 表  1  不同特征中学生遭受欺凌检出率比较

    Table  1.   Frequency characteristics of being bullied among middle school students

    特征 组别 人数 校园欺凌 网络欺凌
    检出人数 χ2 P 检出人数 χ2 P
    性别 8 986 1 799(28.0) 225.64 < 0.01 976(10.9) 62.96 < 0.01
    9 914 1 193(12.0) 747(7.5)
    学段 初中 10 386 1 948(18.8) 148.07 < 0.01 938(9.0) 0.20 0.65
    高中 8 514 1 044(12.3) 785(9.2)
    户口所在地 农村 9 401 1 468(15.6) 0.65 0.42 852(9.1) 0.07 0.80
    城市 9 499 1 524(16.0) 871(9.2)
    学习日住校 9 566 1 453(15.2) 5.98 0.14 852(8.9) 1.03 0.31
    9 334 1 539(16.5) 871(9.3)
    学校类型 重点 7 790 1 741(15.7) 0.52 0.47 1 014(9.1) 0.00 0.95
    非重点 11 100 1 251(16.1) 709(9.1)
    独生子女 8 819 1 409(16.0) 0.27 0.61 818(9.3) 0.51 0.48
    10 081 1 583(15.7) 905(9.0)
    父亲文化程度a 高中以下 10 540 1 829(15.9) 0.62 0.43 913(8.7) 2.18 0.14
    高中及以上 7 217 1 101(15.3) 755(9.3)
    母亲文化程度a 高中以下 11 490 1 829(15.9) 1.47 0.23 1 022(8.9) 0.30 0.58
    高中及以上 7 217 1 101(15.3) 659(9.1)
    自评家庭经济状况 较差 2 695 627(23.3) 141.13 < 0.01 387(14.4) 112.82 < 0.01
    中等 13 374 1 894(14.2) 1 052(7.9)
    良好 2 831 471(16.6) 274(9.7)
    亲密伙伴个数/人 ≤2 4 630 983(21.2) 143.49 < 0.01 499(10.8) 25.90 < 0.01
    3~5 7 719 1 053(13.6) 622(8.1)
    ≥6 6 551 956(14.6) 602(9.2)
    注: a表示数据有缺失值;()内数字为检出率/%。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  中学生健康素养与遭受欺凌关联的多因素Logistic回归模型

    Table  2.   Associations of health literacy and being bullied among middle school students by multiple Logistic regression model analysis

    健康素养 水平 人数 校园欺凌 网络欺凌
    检出人数 检出率/% OR值(OR值95%CI)a 检出人数 检出率/% OR值(OR值95%CI)b
    总健康素养 4 504 1 039 23.1 2.25(2.00~2.53)** 580 12.9 1.79(1.55~2.08)**
    9 764 1 388 14.2 1.32(1.18~1.47)** 799 8.2 1.15(1.01~1.32)**
    4 632 565 12.2 1.00 344 7.4 1.00
    体力活动 3 830 673 17.6 1.19(1.05~1.35)* 381 9.9 0.97(0.83~1.13)
    11 030 1 643 14.9 0.96(0.87~1.07) 927 8.4 0.83(0.74~0.95)
    4 040 676 16.7 1.00 415 10.3 1.00
    人际关系 4 439 1 187 26.7 2.85(2.53~3.03)** 661 14.9 2.39(2.06~2.76)**
    9 429 1 287 13.6 1.38(0.24~1.54)** 740 7.8 1.27(1.11~1.46)**
    5 032 518 10.3 1.00 322 6.4 1.00
    压力管理 4 133 890 21.5 2.10(1.86~2.37)** 517 12.5 1.75(1.51~2.04)**
    10 235 1 562 15.3 1.43(1.29~1.60)** 874 8.5 1.21(1.06~1.38)**
    4 532 540 11.9 1.00 332 7.3 1.00
    精神成长 4 107 968 23.6 2.23(1.97~2.51)** 512 12.5 1.71(1.47~1.99)**
    10 430 1 485 14.2 1.24(1.11~1.38)** 885 8.5 1.15(1.01~1.32)*
    4 363 539 12.4 1.00 326 7.5 1.00
    健康意识 4 066 813 20.0 1.60(1.42~1.80)** 479 11.8 1.60(1.38~1.86)**
    10 369 1 590 15.3 1.22(1.10~1.35)** 919 8.9 1.21(1.06~1.39)**
    4 465 589 13.2 1.00 325 7.3 1.00
    营养 4 041 830 20.5 1.46(1.30~1.64)** 1 039 23.1 1.58(1.36~1.83)**
    10 459 1 503 14.4 0.99(0.89~1.09) 1 388 14.2 1.10(0.96~1.26)
    4 400 659 15.0 1.00 565 12.2 1.00
    注: a调整性别、学段、自评家经济状况和亲密伙伴个数,b调整性别、学校类型、自评家庭经济状况和亲密伙伴个数;*P<0.05,**P<0.01。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  中学生健康素养与遭受欺凌关联性别差异的多因素Logistic回归分析

    Table  3.   Association of health literacy and being bullied in male and female, and the gender ratio

    健康素养 水平 男生(n=8 986) 女生(n=9 914) 男生与女生比较
    校园欺凌a 网络欺凌b 校园欺凌a 网络欺凌b 校园欺凌a 网络欺凌b
    总健康素养 2.12(1.82~2.42)** 1.62(1.34~1.96)** 2.44(2.02~2.91)** 2.08(1.66~2.62)** 1.66(1.43~1.91)** 1.26(1.06~1.51)*
    1.31(1.14~1.51)** 1.11(0.93~1.32) 1.32(1.11~1.57)** 1.24(1.00~1.53)* 1.88(1.67~2.11)** 1.47(1.21~1.71)**
    1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.77(1.47~2.13)** 1.55(1.23~1.95)**
    体力活动 1.24(1.06~1.45)* 1.03(0.85~1.26) 1.13(0.93~1.38) 0.94(0.74~1.20) 1.95(1.64~2.31)** 1.68(1.35~2.09)**
    0.94(0.83~1.07) 0.76(0.65~0.90)** 0.99(0.83~1.17) 0.95(0.77~1.16) 1.77(1.58~1.96)** 1.28(1.12~1.47)**
    1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.77(1.48~2.12)** 1.53(1.26~1.91)**
    人际关系 2.41(2.06~2.81)** 1.94(1.60~2.34)** 3.66(3.05~4.39)** 3.17(2.53~3.97)** 1.34(1.16~1.54)** 1.09(0.92~1.29)
    1.38(1.19~1.60)** 1.14(0.95~1.37) 1.39(1.18~1.65)** 1.47(1.19~1.81)** 1.87(1.66~2.12)** 1.35(1.16~1.57)**
    1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.76(1.46~2.13)** 1.77(1.40~2.24)**
    压力管理 2.04(1.74~2.38)** 1.75(1.44~2.13)** 2.21(1.82~2.68)** 1.79(1.42~2.27)** 1.86(1.59~2.17)** 1.52(1.26~1.84)**
    1.37(1.19~1.57)** 1.12(0.94~1.34) 1.53(1.29~1.82)** 1.33(1.08~1.64)* 1.76(1.58~1.97)** 1.34(1.16~1.55)**
    1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.83(1.51~2.22)** 1.56(1.23~1.97)**
    精神成长 2.11(1.81~2.46)** 1.69(1.37~2.06)** 2.47(2.04~3.00)** 1.80(1.42~2.28)** 1.62(1.40~1.88)** 1.33(1.10~1.67)**
    1.31(1.14~1.50)** 1.22(1.03~1.46)* 1.27(1.06~1.51)* 1.19(0.96~1.48) 1.97(1.95~2.20)** 1.51(1.31~1.73)**
    1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.82(1.49~2.20)** 1.43(1.13~1.82)**
    健康意识 1.60(1.36~1.86)** 1.52(1.25~1.86)** 1.63(1.36~1.97)** 1.72(1.37~2.16)** 1.67(1.42~1.96)** 1.27(1.04~1.55)*
    1.28(1.11~1.47)** 1.24(1.04~1.49)* 1.19(1.02~1.40)* 1.25(1.02~1.53)* 1.85(1.66~2.07)** 1.49(1.29~1.77)**
    1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.72(1.43~2.06)** 1.42(1.12~1.80)**
    营养 1.48(1.27~1.72)** 1.66(1.36~2.02)** 1.45(1.21~1.74)** 1.50(1.19~1.88)** 1.70(1.45~2.00)** 1.40(1.16~1.71)**
    1.06(0.93~1.21) 1.20(1.01~1.44)* 0.94(0.80~1.10) 1.04(0.86~1.28) 1.91(1.71~2.14)** 1.50(1.30~1.72)**
    1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.62(1.36~1.92)** 1.26(1.00~1.59)*
    注: a调整性别、学段、自评家庭经济状况、亲密伙伴个数,b调整性别、自评家庭经济状况、亲密伙伴个数;*P<0.05;**P<0.01。
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2020-11-27
  • 修回日期:  2021-02-06
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-08-20
  • 刊出日期:  2021-08-25

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