武汉洪山区流动儿童膳食营养干预效果评价

何邱平; 刘晗; 邵丽晶; 向兵; 杨梅; 曾婧

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.011

武汉洪山区流动儿童膳食营养干预效果评价

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.011

何邱平¹,
刘晗¹,
邵丽晶¹,
向兵^{1, 2},
杨梅^{1, 2},
曾婧^{1, 2, ,}

1.
武汉科技大学公共卫生学院，湖北 430065
2.
武汉科技大学妇女儿童健康促进中心

基金项目:

教育部人文社会科学研究项目 15YJAZH104

详细信息

作者简介:
何邱平(1995 -)，女，四川宜宾人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年营养健康

通讯作者:
曾婧，E-mail: zengjing@wust.edu.cn

中图分类号: G 478 R 151 R 153.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-15
- 修回日期: 2020-12-23
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-16
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-25

Effectiveness evaluation of dietary intervention among migrant children in Hongshan District of Wuhan

HE Qiuping¹,
LIU Han¹,
SHAO Lijing¹,
XIANG Bing^{1, 2},
YANG Mei^{1, 2},
ZENG Jing^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan (430065), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解武汉市洪山区流动儿童营养素摄入及膳食结构状况，进行膳食营养干预并评价干预效果，为改善流动儿童营养健康状况提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样和社区干预方法，抽取武汉市洪山区某流动儿童较集中的小学三至六年级学生，随机分为干预组(218名)和对照组(222名)，基线调查后，对干预组进行以“营养课堂”和知识讲座为主的膳食干预，干预时间为2个月，同时对干预组看护人也进行干预。结果基线时，两组流动儿童营养素摄入不足，尤其是钙、硒、维生素B₁、维生素B₂的摄入达标率均低于5%；蔬菜类、奶类及奶制品的摄入达标率不足5%。干预后，膳食营养素方面，干预组流动儿童能量、三大宏量营养素、钙、维生素A、维生素C摄入量均高于干预前及对照组，差异均有统计学意义(Z=2.22~8.65，2.62~8.46，P值均 < 0.05)。膳食结构方面，干预后干预组谷薯及杂豆类摄入达标率由55.5%增加至68.8%，畜禽肉类摄入达标率由45.9%增加至56.4%，同时也均高于对照组(56.3%，44.6%)，差异均有统计学意义(χ²=5.29~13.25，4.39~14.13，P值均 < 0.05)。结论流动儿童存在营养素摄入达标率低、膳食结构不合理的情况。今后可多开展面向流动儿童的营养教育，通过营养课堂、知识讲座等多种形式，同时对儿童及家长开展营养教育，有效改善流动儿童膳食结构及其他营养健康状况。
- 能量摄取 /
- 营养状况 /
- 膳食调查 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To understand nutrient intake and dietary structure among migrant children in primary schools in Hongshan District of Wuhan, so as to carry out dietary nutrition intervention and evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Methods Stratified random sampling was used-to select children in grade 3-6 who were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=218) and the control group (n=222) from primary schools with a large number of migrant children in Hongshan District of Wuhan. After the baseline survey, the intervention group was given a two-month diet intervention with "nutrition class" and knowledge lecture, and the caregivers of the intervention group were also given an intervention. Results At baseline, both groups had inadequate nutrient intake, with adequate intake rate of calcium, selenium, vitamin B₁ and vitamin B₂ less than 5%; children were lack of dietary diversity with adequate intake of vegitable, milk and milk product less than 5%. After intervention, the intake of energy, three main macronutrients, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin C in the intervention group were higher than that of before intervention, as well as than the control group, differences were statistically significant (Z=2.22-8.65, 2.62-8.46, P < 0.05). In terms of dietary structure, adequate intake rate of cereals and miscellaneous beans increased from 55.5% to 68.8%, livestock and poultry meat increased from 45.9% to 56.4%, which were higher than that of the control group (56.3% and 44.6%) (χ²=5.29-13.25, 4.39-14.13, P < 0.05). Conclusion Inadequate nutrient intake and unreasonable dietary structure of migrant children can be improved through short-term dietary intervention including nutrition education to both parents and children.
- Energy intake /
- Nutritional status /
- Diet surveys /
- Intervention studies /
- Child

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表 1 能量及各营养素摄入量干预前后干预组与对照组流动儿童比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of energy and nutrient intakes among migrant children between the intervention group and the control group before and after intervention(x±s)

分类	营养素	干预前				干预后
分类	营养素	干预组(n=218)	对照组(n=222)	Z值	P值	干预组(n=218)	对照组(n=222)	Z值	P值
能量/kcal		1 648.39±206.66	1 625.05±278.28	1.72	0.09	1 743.32±229.48^b	1 631.21±237.08	8.46	< 0.01
宏量营养	蛋白质	47.96±9.16	45.54±10.05	0.54	0.57	49.85±9.06^b	46.91±8.78	3.14	0.00
素/g	碳水化合物	253.84±34.85	250.26±38.26	1.30	0.19	262.77±36.55^b	254.39±65.40	3.79	< 0.01
	脂类	46.66±8.11	48.81±10.48	1.80	0.07	53.49±8.89^b	46.60±9.26	8.88	< 0.01
矿物质	钙/mg	226.24±104.34	231.84±136.58	0.46	0.65	251.42±120.25^b	232.23±120.69	2.62	0.01
	铁/mg	12.85±2.78	11.75±2.93	1.15	0.25	13.19±3.52	12.12±3.09	0.40	0.69
	锌/mg	5.12±1.78	5.23±2.25	0.51	0.61	5.40±1.89	5.07±2.02	0.12	0.90
	硒/μg	23.75±8.75	22.99±6.49	1.37	0.17	23.22±6.30	23.25±8.33	1.86	0.06
微量营养素	维生素A/μgRAE	465.02±248.29	463.14±297.46	0.61	0.54	480.20±436.10^b	464.31±334.35	3.16	0.00
	维生素B₁/mg	0.27±0.09	0.29±0.10	0.84	0.40	0.30±0.11	0.29±0.10	0.41	0.68
	维生素B₂/mg	0.45±0.16	0.45±0.21	0.89	0.37	0.45±0.20	0.47±0.18	0.15	0.88
	维生素B₃/mgNE	9.01±5.79	8.45±3.93	0.54	0.59	9.38±5.02	8.72±3.14	1.87	0.06
	维生素C/mg	57.82±20.08	56.26±28.28	1.91	0.06	65.18±39.02^b	57.79±23.48	3.68	< 0.01
注： b表示干预组干预前后差异有统计学意义，检验方法为非参数检验。

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表 2 能量及各类营养素达标率干预前后干预组与对照组流动儿童比较

Table 2. Comparison of energy and nutrients intakes compliance rates among migrant children between the intervention group and the control group before and after intervention

分类	营养素	干预前				干预后
分类	营养素	干预组(n=218)	对照组(n=222)	χ²值	P值	干预组(n=218)	对照组(n=222)	χ²值	P值
能量		49(22.5)	55(24.8)	0.32	0.57	84(38.5)^b	49(22.1)	14.13	< 0.01
宏量营养素	蛋白质	147(67.4)	153(68.9)	0.11	0.74	174(80.3)^b	155(69.8)	6.55	0.01
	碳水化合物	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	脂类	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
矿物质	钙	0	0	-	-	0	0	-	-
	铁	139(63.8)	138(62.2)	0.12	0.73	144(66.0)	143(64.2)	0.13	0.72
	锌	36(16.5)	35(15.8)	0.05	0.83	39(17.9)	37(16.7)	0.12	0.73
	硒	7(3.2)	5(3.4)	0.38	0.54	7(3.2)	2(0.9)	2.93	0.08
微量营养素	维生素A	95(43.6)	94(42.3)	0.07	0.79	119(50.0)^b	99(44.6)	4.39	0.04
	维生素B₁	1(0.5)	0	1.02	0.50	0	0	-	-
	维生素B₂	4(1.8)	3(1.4)	0.16	0.69	8(3.7)	5(3.4)	0.77	0.38
	维生素B₃	47(21.6)	50(22.5)	0.06	0.81	52(23.9)	53(23.9)	0.00	1.00
	维生素C	67(30.7)	65(29.3)	0.11	0.74	93(42.7)^b	70(31.5)	5.84	0.02
注： b表示干预组干预前后比较差异有统计学意义；()内数字为达标率/%。

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表 3 干预前后干预组与对照组流动儿童各类食物每日摄入量比较(x±s, g)

Table 3. Comparison of daily intake of various kinds of food among migrant children between the intervention group and the control group before and after intervention(x±s, g)

干预前后	组别	人数	统计值	谷薯及杂豆类	蔬菜类	水果类	畜禽肉类	鱼虾类	蛋类	大豆及坚果类	奶及奶制品类
干预前	干预组	218		262.18±53.53	175.12±40.99	158.69±123.00	44.65±25.92	12.37±16.31	17.63±23.20	11.25±11.90	80.05±108.02
	对照组	222		270.67±45.13	179.16±42.37	163.03±127.74	43.79±28.62	12.78±16.85	18.79±20.74	11.61±15.61	69.17±88.00
			Z值	0.93	0.69	0.23	0.83	1.54	0.54	0.56	0.52
			P值	0.35	0.49	0.82	0.41	0.13	0.59	0.58	0.60
干预后	干预组	218		279.12±45.67^b	194.50±41.01^b	170.73±122.55^b	49.93±27.85^b	12.15±17.07	23.96±19.60^b	11.88±14.33	78.00±105.13
	对照组	222		267.52±45.99	177.87±41.70	153.04±109.70	43.66±23.39	11.59±14.42	18.02±19.40	11.73±15.89	78.14±101.19
			Z值	2.85	2.68	2.38	2.92	0.10	5.87	0.80	0.98
			P值	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.92	0.00	0.42	0.33
注： b表示干预组干预前后比较差异有统计学意义，检验方法为非参数检验。

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表 4 干预前后干预组与对照组流动儿童各类食物摄入达标率比较

Table 4. Comparison of food compliance rate of diet types among migrant children between the intervention group and the control group before and after intervention

干预前后	组别	人数	统计值	谷薯及杂豆类	蔬菜类	水果类	畜禽肉类	鱼虾类	蛋类	大豆及坚果类	奶及奶制品类
干预前	干预组	218		121(55.5)	5(2.3)	67(30.7)	100(45.9)	19(8.7)	30(13.8)	28(12.8)	8(3.7)
	对照组	222		126(56.8)	3(1.4)	54(24.3)	107(48.2)	11(5.0)	31(14.0)	25(11.3)	8(3.6)
			χ²值	0.07	0.55	2.27	0.24	2.45	0.00	0.26	0.00
			P值	0.79	0.46	0.13	0.63	0.12	0.95	0.61	0.97
干预后	干预组	218		150(68.8)^b	7(3.2)	77(35.3)	123(56.4)^b	20(9.2)	41(18.8)	33(15.1)	9(4.1)
	对照组	222		125(56.3)	1(0.4)	60(27.0)	99(44.6)	13(5.9)	34(15.3)	22(9.9)	7(3.2)
			χ²值	7.33	4.70	3.53	6.16	1.75	0.95	2.75	0.30
			P值	0.01	0.03	0.06	0.01	0.19	0.33	0.10	0.59
注：b表示干预组干预前后比较差异有统计学意义；()内数字为达标率/%。

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