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围青春期膳食质量对青春期发育的前瞻性影响

段若男 乔田 熊静远 赵莉 成果

段若男, 乔田, 熊静远, 赵莉, 成果. 围青春期膳食质量对青春期发育的前瞻性影响[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(4): 501-505. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.006
引用本文: 段若男, 乔田, 熊静远, 赵莉, 成果. 围青春期膳食质量对青春期发育的前瞻性影响[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(4): 501-505. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.006
DUAN Ruonan, QIAO Tian, XIONG Jingyuan, ZHAO Li, CHENG Guo. Prospective association between peripubertal diet quality and puberty timing[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2021, 42(4): 501-505. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.006
Citation: DUAN Ruonan, QIAO Tian, XIONG Jingyuan, ZHAO Li, CHENG Guo. Prospective association between peripubertal diet quality and puberty timing[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2021, 42(4): 501-505. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.006

围青春期膳食质量对青春期发育的前瞻性影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.006
详细信息
    作者简介:

    段若男(1991-),女,山西运城人,在读博士,主要研究方向为营养与健康

    通讯作者:

    成果,E-mail:ehw_cheng@126.com

  • 中图分类号: R  151  R  153.2

Prospective association between peripubertal diet quality and puberty timing

  • 摘要:   目的  探讨围青春期膳食质量对青春期发育的前瞻性影响,为预防中国儿童青春期发育提前提供理论依据。  方法  利用西南地区儿童营养与生长发育队列数据,以1 588名6~8岁儿童(女童976名,男童612名)为研究对象,通过食物频率问卷收集儿童的膳食摄入信息,采用修订版中国儿童膳食指数(Chinese Children Dietary Index, CCDI)评价儿童围青春期(初潮/变声发生前2~4年)的膳食质量。以女童初潮年龄和男童变声年龄作为青春期发育观测指标,通过多元线性回归模型分析膳食质量对青春期发育的前瞻性影响。  结果  女童和男童的围青春期CCDI得分分别为(58.0~132.5)和(48.3~129.9)分。调整父亲文化程度、能量摄入、体脂百分比后,围青春期膳食质量较高的儿童与膳食质量较低的女童/男童相比,女童初潮发生时间晚0.6年[膳食质量较高组的初潮年龄为13.1(11.2~13.3)岁,较低组为12.5(12.0~13.9)岁,P=0.01];男童变声发生时间晚0.4年[膳食质量较高组的变声年龄为13.8(12.1~14.8)岁,较低组为13.4(12.5~15.1)岁,P=0.03]。  结论  围青春期较高的膳食质量可使儿童青春期发育延迟,应积极开展膳食指导和干预,提升围青春期儿童膳食质量水平。
  • 表  1  不同膳食质量水平调查对象的基本情况(x±s)

    Table  1.   General characteristics of the study participants(x±s)

    性别 膳食质量 人数 统计值 出生体重/kg* 基线年龄/岁 初潮或变声
    年龄/岁
    BMI SDS 体脂百分比* 能量摄入/
    (kcal·d-1)
    碳水化合物供能比/% 脂肪供能比/% 蛋白质供能比/%
    325 3.3(2.9, 3.8) 7.7±0.8 12.6±0.8 0.4±0.9 17.1(15.1, 19.8) 1 432±231 53.6±5.5 32.1±4.7 14.3±2.2
    326 3.2(2.8, 3.6) 7.8±0.7 12.8±0.9 0.3±0.8 16.4(15.2, 18.0) 1 658±245 59.3±4.6 25.9±4.0 14.8±2.0
    325 3.2(2.9, 3.7) 8.0±0.9 13.2±1.0 0.2±0.8 15.9(13.7, 19.1) 1 579±227 57.3±4.2 28.8±4.3 13.9±1.8
    F/H 3.13 2.31 3.93 1.61 6.58 2.82 3.52 3.93 3.23
    P 0.20 0.10 0.02 0.20 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.04
    204 3.5(3.0, 3.8) 7.9±0.7 13.5±1.2 0.4±0.9 14.1(11.8, 17.6) 1 908±232 58.9±6.2 26.2±4.7 14.9±2.2
    204 3.3(2.9, 3.8) 8.1±0.9 13.8±1.3 0.3±0.7 13.8(10.3, 17.1) 1 824±213 61.0±5.4 26.3±4.0 12.7±2.0
    204 3.3(2.8, 3.7) 8.2±0.8 14.1±1.1 0.4±0.8 13.7(11.2, 17.9) 1 768±221 61.4±4.9 26.4±4.3 12.2±1.8
    F/H 2.84 1.61 3.53 1.61 6.95 2.67 3.01 2.83 3.24
    P 0.20 0.20 0.03 0.20 0.03 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.04
    注: *为M(P25P75);1 kcal=4.18 kJ。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  男女童围青春期膳食摄入情况[M(P25, P75)]

    Table  2.   Dietary intakes by groups of peripubertal diet quality[M(P25, P75)]

    性别 膳食质量 人数 谷类/(g·d-1) 蔬菜/(g·d-1) 水果/(g·d-1) 奶类及其制品/
    (g·d-1)
    豆类及其制品/
    (g·d-1)
    肉类/(g·d-1) 水产品/(g·d-1) 蛋类/(g·d-1)
    325 498(436, 551) 104(93, 113) 44(31, 58) 78(60, 91) 3.1(0, 6.7) 76(13, 131) 0(0, 0) 0(0, 0)
    326 332(278, 387) 157(143, 169) 123(105, 149) 231(205, 247) 11(9.3, 14) 62(36, 105) 7(5, 16) 18(12, 26)
    325 185(123, 251) 273(261, 285) 170(157, 201) 302(287, 337) 53(42, 82) 43(37, 75) 27(21, 37) 61(47, 83)
    204 525(503, 541) 91(79, 103) 29(24, 36) 74(65, 82) 0(0, 0) 91(62, 176) 0(0, 0) 0(0, 0)
    204 456(328, 501) 142(126, 157) 134(109, 168) 287(238, 306) 8.2(6.4, 18.7) 79(45, 125) 3(1, 17) 21(15, 36)
    204 202(156, 345) 255(246, 263) 189(173, 211) 351(327, 378) 69(43, 92) 43(37, 74) 29(22, 40) 69(55, 102)
    性别 膳食质量 人数 饮水量/
    (mL·d-1)
    含糖饮料/
    (mL·d-1)
    维生素A/
    (μgRE·d-1)
    脂肪酸比值 膳食纤维/
    (g·d-1)
    食物多样性/份 早餐与晚餐/次 能量摄入/
    能量支出
    325 375(250, 400) 148(119, 172) 189(168, 203) 1.8(1.5, 2.0) 5.4(4.6, 6.2) 7(5, 9) 8(7, 9) 0.7(0.5, 2.3)
    326 600(525, 800) 72(27, 96) 311(286, 337) 2.6(2.3, 3.1) 8.7(7.8, 9.9) 9(7, 11) 9(8, 10) 0.8(0.6, 1.7)
    325 1 000(925, 1 100) 0(0, 0) 469(436, 487) 3.7(3.3, 3.9) 12(10, 13) 11(9, 13) 10(9, 11) 1.0(0.8, 1.2)
    204 400(325, 450) 171(126, 203) 175(162, 197) 1.6(1.4, 1.9) 4.5(3.1, 5.2) 6(4, 9) 6(4, 8) 1.3(0.5, 2.5)
    204 650(550, 800) 82(51, 105) 289(264, 332) 2.5(2.2, 3.0) 7.1(6.2, 8.4) 9(7, 12) 7(6, 9) 0.7(0.6, 1.3)
    204 1 100(900, 1 200) 0(0, 0) 457(421, 491) 3.6(3.4, 3.8) 11(9.2, 12) 10(8, 13) 9(7, 10) 1.0(0.8, 1.2)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  男女童围青春期CCDI各指标得分情况[M(P25P75)]

    Table  3.   Dietary intakes by groups of the sub-scores of CCDI[M(P25, P75)]

    性别 人数 谷类 蔬菜 水果 奶类及其制品 豆类及其制品 肉类 水产品 蛋类
    976 5.8(3.6, 7.7) 4.9(3.1, 7.2) 7.1(3.8, 10.0) 8.2(3.6, 10.0) 4.1(2.3, 10.0) 3.2(0, 6.8) 0(0, 5.5) 2.9(0, 8.1)
    612 2.9(0, 5.8) 4.6(2.7, 6.8) 6.7(1.1, 10.0) 8.5(5.3, 10.0) 3.7(0, 10.0) 1.3(0, 6.1) 0(0, 7.1) 3.5(0, 10)
    性别 人数 饮水量 含糖饮料 维生素A 脂肪酸比值 膳食纤维 食物多样性/份 早餐与晚餐 能量摄入/
    能量支出
    976 5.1(3.4, 8.1) 4.9(2.9, 10.0) 5.7(3.3, 8.6) 10.0(4.1, 10.0) 4.1(2.7, 4.6) 6.0(4.0, 8.0) 9.0(8.0, 10.0) 8.5(3.7, 9.9)
    612 5.8(4.1, 8.7) 4.1(2.5, 10.0) 5.3(3.1, 8.5) 10.0(4.0, 10.0) 3.4(2.0, 4.3) 6.0(4.0, 7.0) 7.0(6.0, 10.0) 8.2(2.9, 9.8)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  男女童围青春期膳食质量与青春期发育年龄的多重线性回归分析/[x (95%CI),岁]

    Table  4.   Association between peripubertal diet quality and timing of puberty by multivariate regression models/[x (95%CI), year]

    性别 模型 P
    1 12.6 (11.4~13.4) 12.9(11.7~13.5) 13.3(12.2~13.6) 0.03
    (n=976) 2 12.5(11.3~13.4) 12.7(11.5~13.5) 13.2(12.0~13.8) 0.01
    3 12.5(11.2~13.3) 12.7(11.5~13.6) 13.1(12.0~13.9) 0.01
    1 13.2(12.0~14.7) 13.6(12.3~14.9) 13.8(12.4~14.9) 0.04
    (n=612) 2 13.2(12.1~14.7) 13.7(12.3~15.0) 13.9(12.4~15.0) 0.02
    3 13.4(12.1~14.8) 13.7(12.4~15.0) 13.8(12.5~15.1) 0.03
    注:模型1为未调整模型,模型2调整了父亲受教育水平、膳食能量摄入,模型3在模型2的基础上进一步调整了体脂百分比。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-12-24
  • 修回日期:  2021-03-11
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-04-16
  • 刊出日期:  2021-04-25

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