Physical exercises and associated factors among college students during COVID-19 pandemic
-
摘要:
目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称“新冠肺炎”)疫情期间大学生体育锻炼行为现状及影响因素，为促进大学生居家体育锻炼提供参考。 方法 方便抽取北京市6所高校1 132名大学生利用问卷星进行体育锻炼行为与影响因素问卷调查。 结果 1 033名(91.25%)大学生居家参与体育锻炼，每周锻炼频次为(3.33±1.99)次，每次锻炼时长为(39.24±13.23)min，锻炼强度主观感觉值为(2.61±0.99)。不同性别大学生锻炼频次、时长和强度差异均有统计学意义，不同年级和居住地大学生锻炼频次差异有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)；不同性别、居住地大学生锻炼项目差异有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)；不同锻炼动机大学生锻炼行为差异有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，年级、缺乏锻炼兴趣、场地受限、器械不全、家庭运动氛围、学校要求是大学生居家参与体育锻炼行为的影响因素(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 大学生居家体育锻炼现状有待改善，应结合大学生锻炼动机和锻炼项目特征，基于学校体育教学，建立家庭-学校-社会的网络互动平台，形成有效联动机制，促进大学生居家积极参与体育锻炼的行为。 Abstract:Objective To understand physical exercises and associated factors among college students COVID-19 pandemic, and to provide a reference for promoting physical exercise of college students at home. Methods A convenient questionnaire survey was used to investigate the physical exercise and associated factors of 1 132 college students in 6 colleges in Beijing. Results A total of 1 033(91.25%) college students participated in physical exercise; with an average of(3.33±1.99)times per week, the length of each exercise was (39.24±13.23)min, and the subjective sense of exercise intensity was(2.61±0.99). Differences in exercise frequency, duration and intensity differed significantly by gender(P < 0.05). Differences in exercise frequency were significantly by grades and places of residence(P < 0.05). The exercise items of college students differed by genders and places of residence were statistically significant(P < 0.05). Students with different exercise motivations showed significant differences in exercise behaviors(P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that grade, lack of interest in exercise, limited venues, incomplete equipment, family sports atmosphere, and school requirements were associated with participation in physical exercise behavior at home(P < 0.05). Conclusion The status of home physical exercise for college students needs to be improved. It is necessary to combine college students' exercise motivation and characteristics of exercise items based on school physical education, and to establish a family-school-society network interactive platform to form an effective linkage mechanism to promote college students' active participation in physical exercise at home. -
Key words:
- Coronavirus /
- Exercise movement techniques /
- Health education /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
-
表 1 不同人口统计学特征大学生体育锻炼负荷比较(x±s)
Table 1. Comparison of physical exercise load of college students with different demographic characteristics (x±s)
人口统计学指标 人数 统计值 每周锻炼频次/次 每次锻炼时长/min 锻炼强度 性别 男 461 3.51±2.06 40.90±14.83 2.52±0.98 女 572 3.19±1.89 37.89±11.62 2.67±0.99 F值 6.43 13.35 5.67 P值 0.01 0.00 0.02 年级 大一 459 3.48±2.02 39.28±12.96 2.61±0.94 大二 340 3.51±2.09 40.54±14.18 2.63±0.99 大三 181 2.86±1.73 37.97±12.40 2.58±1.05 大四 53 2.59±1.32 37.08±11.24 2.55±0.99 F值 7.72 2.13 0.15 P值 0.00 0.10 0.93 居住地 城镇 676 3.43±2.01 38.81±12.73 2.57±0.95 农村 357 3.15±1.94 40.04±14.11 2.68±1.05 F值 4.55 2.03 2.69 P值 0.03 0.15 0.10 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 不同人口统计学特征大学生体育锻炼项目选择率比较
Table 2. Comparison of selection rates of physical exercise items among college students with different demographic characteristics
人口统计学指标 人数 统计值 形体减脂 力量健身 瑜伽 跑步 跳绳 球类 健美操 武术 其他 性别 男 461 82(17.78) 221(47.94) 36(7.81) 140(30.37) 57(12.36) 80(17.35) 17(3.68) 16(3.47) 22(4.77) 女 572 280(48.95) 67(11.71) 217(37.94) 102(17.83) 99(17.31) 64(11.18) 107(18.71) 10(1.75) 13(2.27) χ2值 108.91 166.61 125.29 22.37 4.87 8.09 54.51 3.09 4.87 P值 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.03 年级 大一 459 174(37.91) 124(27.02) 115(25.05) 117(25.49) 71(15.47) 56(12.20) 63(13.72) 10(2.18) 8(1.74) 大二 340 117(34.41) 101(29.71) 83(24.41) 71(20.88) 53(15.59) 54(15.59) 40(11.76) 11(3.23) 15(4.41) 大三 181 51(28.17) 44(24.31) 45(24.86) 42(23.20) 23(12.71) 25(13.81) 15(8.29) 4(2.21) 9(4.97) 大四 53 20(37.73) 19(35.85) 10(18.86) 12(22.6) 9(16.98) 9(16.98) 6(11.32) 1(1.89) 3(5.66) χ2值 5.88 3.56 1.00 2.34 1.07 2.64 3.70 1.08 7.11 P值 0.12 0.31 0.80 0.51 0.79 0.45 0.30 0.78 0.07 居住地 城镇 676 272(40.23) 216(31.95) 186(27.51) 145(21.45) 87(12.87) 84(12.42) 87(12.87) 15(2.21) 22(3.25) 农村 357 90(25.21) 72(20.17) 67(18.77) 97(27.17) 69(19.33) 60(16.81) 37(10.36) 11(3.08) 13(3.64) χ2值 23.17 16.14 9.67 4.26 7.60 3.74 1.39 0.71 0.11 P值 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.53 0.24 0.40 0.74 注：()内数字为选择率/%。
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 不同锻炼动机大学生体育锻炼负荷比较(x±s)
Table 3. Comparison of physical exercise load of college students with different exercise motivations (x±s)
锻炼动机 人数 每周锻炼频次/次 每次锻炼时长/min 锻炼强度(主观感觉值) 强身健体 194 3.86±2.11 42.22±16.14 2.74±0.92 减肥塑形 232 3.73±2.10 39.44±12.72 2.75±1.13 提高免疫力 95 3.38±1.89 37.42±12.73 2.44±0.83 强身健体和提高免疫力 101 3.42±2.02 41.44±14.57 2.55±1.02 减肥塑形和提高免疫力 103 3.39±1.98 38.45±11.25 2.56±0.72 其他动机 308 2.64±1.47 37.79±11.39 2.51±0.96 F值 13.46 3.74 0.01 P值 0.00 0.00 3.05
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 疫情期间大学生体育锻炼行为影响因素单因素Logistic回归分析(n=1 132)
Table 4. Single factor Logistic regression analysis of factors affecting college students' physical exercise behavior during COVID-19 pandemic(n=1 132)
自变量 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(OR值95%CI) 性别 0.19 0.22 0.79 0.38 1.21(0.79~1.85) 居住地 0.04 0.22 0.03 0.86 1.04(0.67~1.60) 年级 0.90 0.22 16.66 0.00 2.46(1.60~3.80) 缺乏锻炼兴趣 -1.70 0.22 59.97 0.00 5.46(3.55~8.38) 场地受限 -1.85 0.32 34.61 0.00 6.38(3.44~11.82) 器械不全 -1.62 0.25 42.77 0.00 5.04(3.10~8.18) 网络宣传不够 -0.97 0.22 19.81 0.00 2.63(1.72~4.03) 学校要求 1.16 0.24 23.63 0.00 3.18(2.00~5.08) 缺乏监督 -0.70 0.28 6.32 0.01 2.00(1.17~3.44) 同学影响 1.19 0.24 25.51 0.00 3.28(2.07~5.20) 家庭运动氛围 0.75 0.23 10.83 0.00 2.12(1.36~3.33) 缺乏激励 -0.24 0.23 1.03 0.31 1.27(0.80~2.00)
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 疫情期间大学生体育锻炼行为影响因素多因素Logistic回归分析(n=1 132)
Table 5. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of factors affecting college students' physical exercise behavior during COVID-19 pandemic (n=1 132)
自变量 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(OR值95%CI) 年级 0.80 0.24 10.91 0.00 2.23(1.39~3.58) 缺乏锻炼兴趣 -1.46 0.28 26.72 0.00 4.30(2.47~7.47) 场地受限 -1.34 0.39 11.87 0.00 3.81(1.78~8.16) 器械不全 -0.85 0.29 8.89 0.00 2.34(1.34~4.10) 网络宣传不够 -0.03 0.30 0.01 0.93 0.98(0.54~1.75) 学校要求 0.80 0.34 5.57 0.02 2.23(1.15~4.33) 缺乏监督 -0.72 0.40 3.32 0.07 0.49(0.22~1.06) 同学影响 0.15 0.31 0.22 0.64 1.16(0.63~2.13) 家庭运动氛围 0.68 0.32 4.41 0.04 0.51(0.27~0.96)
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 中华人民共和国教育部. 中共教育部党组关于统筹做好教育系统新冠肺炎疫情防控和教育改革发展工作的通知[A/OL]. [2020-02-28]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/s7059/202002/t20200228_425499.html.Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.Notice on coordinating the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in the education system and education reform and development[A/OL].[2020-02-28]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/s7059/202002/t20200228_425499.html. [2] 刘洪俊. 高校大学生课外体育锻炼的调查研究: 以天津市普通高校为例[J]. 北京体育大学学报, 2011, 34(3): 98-101. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJTD201103028.htmLIU H J. Study on current condition of students participating in extracurricular physical exercise in higher education institutes: take the example of the HEIs in Tianjin[J]. J Beijing Sport Univ, 2011, 34(3): 98-101. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJTD201103028.htm [3] 肖桃芳, 刘建炜, 黎冬梅. 江西省大学生闲暇体育锻炼行为及影响因素研究[J]. 上海体育学院学报, 2006, 30(6): 100-104. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STYB200606021.htmXIAO T F, LIU J W, LI D M. Research on spare-time physical training behavior of university students in Jiangxi Province and influential factors[J]. J Shanghai Univ Sport, 2006, 30(6): 100-104. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STYB200606021.htm [4] 庞敏慧, 王海清, 饶珈铭, 等. 广州市大学生体育锻炼及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2016, 37(12): 1791-1794. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201612013.htmPANG M H, WANG H Q, RAO J M, et al. Physical exercise and associated factors among university student in Guangzhou[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2016, 37(12): 1791-1794. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201612013.htm [5] 中国健康教育中心. 新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎健康教育手册[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2020, 2: 76.China Health Education Center. Health education manual for pneumonia infected by COVID-19 pandemic[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2020, 2: 76. [6] 章建成, 张绍礼, 罗炯, 等. 中国青少年课外体育锻炼现状及影响因素研究报告[J]. 体育科学, 2012, 32(11): 3-18. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKX201211000.htmZHANG J C, ZHANG S L, LUO J, et al. Research report on the status-quo and restrictive factors on the extracurricular physical exercise of the teenagers in China[J]. China Sport Sci, 2012, 32(11): 3-18. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKX201211000.htm [7] 江志鸿. 对浙江省大学生课外体育活动现状的研究[J]. 北京体育大学学报, 2007, 30(4): 534-536. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJTD200704032.htmJIANG Z H. Research on the status quo of college students' extracurricular exercises in Zhejiang[J]. J Beijing Sport Univ, 2007, 30(4): 534-536. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJTD200704032.htm [8] 李承龙, 朱红军. 大学生体育锻炼动机、投入、行为与积极情绪的关系研究[J]. 湖北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2020, 40(4): 94-97. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HBSX202004017.htmLI C L, ZHU H J. Relationship between college students' motivation, involvement, behavior and positive emotions[J]. J Hubei Norm Univ(Philos Soc Sci), 2020, 40(4), 94-97. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HBSX202004017.htm [9] 李俭莉. 某高校大学生体育锻炼情况分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2012, 33(7): 879-880. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201207045.htmLI J L. An analysis of physical exercises of college students in one university[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2012, 33(7): 879-880. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201207045.htm [10] 刘桂芳. 大学生体育锻炼动机与锻炼行为的关系性研究[J]. 体育成人教育学刊, 2010, 26(4): 44-45. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYHS201004016.htmLIU G F. Relation between sports practice motive and sports behavior of university students[J]. J Sports Adult Educ, 2010, 26(4): 44-45. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYHS201004016.htm [11] 王胜超. 普通大学生体育锻炼与休闲活动特征的研究[J]. 北京体育大学学报, 2011, 34(7): 106-110. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJTD201107029.htmWANG S C. Research on characteristics of physical exercise and leisure activities of college students[J]. J Beijing Sport Univ, 2011, 34(7): 106-110. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJTD201107029.htm [12] 薛锋. 大学生运动动机与锻炼行为的关系: 自我决定理论的视角[J]. 武汉体育学院学报, 2010, 44(6): 43-47. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WTXB201006010.htmXUE F. Relationship between sport motivation and exercise behavior of college students' self-determination theory perspective[J]. J Wuhan Inst Phys Educ, 2010, 44(6): 43-47. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WTXB201006010.htm [13] 黄甜, 邱芬. 心理需要满足对大学生锻炼行为的促进机制[J]. 福建体育科技, 2019, 38(1): 38-42. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FUJI201901011.htmHUANG T, QIU F. The promoting mechanism of meeting psychological needs to college students' physical exercise behavior[J]. Fujian Sports Sci Technol, 2019, 38(1): 38-42. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FUJI201901011.htm [14] 季浏. 体育心理学[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2016: 56-66.JI L. Sports psychology[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2016: 56-66. [15] 阳家鹏, 向春玉, 徐佶. 促进青少年有氧体适能和体育锻炼行为的路径: 动机理论的观点[J]. 体育与科学, 2015, 36(4): 115-120. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYYK201504019.htmYANG J P, XIANG C Y, XU J. The path of promoting aerobic physical fitness and physical exercise behavior of adolescents: motivation theory perspective[J]. Sports Sci, 2015, 36(4): 115-120. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYYK201504019.htm [16] 陈善平, 李咸生, 容建中. 大学生体育锻炼的内部动机和外部动机[J]. 中国体育科技, 2008, 44(4): 135-138. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTY200804031.htmCHEN S P, LI X S, RONG J Z. The internal and external motivation of college student's physical exercise[J]. China Sport Sci Technol, 2008, 44(4): 135-138. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTY200804031.htm [17] 徐鹏. 对影响高校学生体育锻炼因素的研究[J]. 首都师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 34(3): 94-96. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SDSX201303019.htmXU P. The study of factors affecting college students' physical exercises[J]. J Capital Norm Univ(Nat Sci Edi), 2013, 34(3): 94-96. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SDSX201303019.htm [18] 刘生杰, 李建英, 刘晓芳. 山西省大学生体育锻炼动机、兴趣与行为的调查研究[J]. 中国体育科技, 2007, 43(6): 99-102. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTY200706024.htmLIU S J, LI J Y, LIU X F. Investigation and research on the physical exercise motivation, interest and behavior of the students in Shanxi Province[J]. China Sport Sci Technol, 2007, 43(6): 99-102. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTY200706024.htm [19] 朱芸亿. 影响大学生体育锻炼因素的社会学分析[J]. 当代体育科技, 2016, 6(24): 63, 65. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DYKJ201624041.htmZHU Y Y. Sociological analysis of factors that affect the physical exercise of college students[J]. Contemp Sports Technol, 2016, 6(24): 63, 65. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DYKJ201624041.htm [20] 常生, 吴健. 影响大学生体育锻炼行为的家庭因素调查与分析[J]. 体育学刊, 2008, 15(3): 67-70. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYXK200803014.htmCHANG S, WU J. Investigation and analysis of family factors that affect the physical exercising behaviors of college students[J]. J Phys Educ, 2008, 15(3): 67-70. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYXK200803014.htm [21] 王富百慧, 王梅, 张彦峰, 等. 中国家庭体育锻炼行为特点及代际互动关系研究[J]. 体育科学, 2016, 36(11): 31-38. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKX201611005.htmWANG F B H, WANG M, ZHANG Y F, et al. Study on the characteristics and interactive relationship of family physical exercise in China[J]. China Sport Sci, 2016, 36(11): 31-38. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKX201611005.htm -
点击查看大图
表(5)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1015
- HTML全文浏览量: 437
- PDF下载量: 63
- 被引次数: 0
